What are permanent markers of known location and elevation established by a survey team called?

The term "benchmark" specifically refers to permanent markers of known location and elevation that are established by a survey team. These benchmarks serve as reference points that surveyors use to determine the elevation and position of land in relation to a consistent standard. By establishing these fixed points, they enable accurate measurements for various land-related purposes including construction, mapping, and land development. The use of benchmarks is crucial in ensuring precision in surveying practices as they provide a reliable and standardized reference for future surveys.

Other terms like "reference marks," "monuments," and "survey points" have related meanings in surveying but do not carry the same specific definition associated with known elevation. While monuments can refer to physical markers that indicate a boundary or a specific point of interest on land, they encompass a broader category beyond just elevation. Similarly, survey points can designate various geographic locations marked during a survey but do not necessarily imply the established elevation status that benchmarks do.