What does variance refer to in zoning regulations?

Variance in zoning regulations specifically refers to a formal exception granted by a zoning board allowing a property owner to use their property in a way that deviates from the existing zoning laws. This could involve changing the use of a property to something that is not typically permitted under the current zoning designation, such as allowing a business in a residential area or allowing a structure to be built closer to the property line than zoning regulations would normally allow.

This concept is important as it provides property owners with the ability to proceed with their intended use of the property despite zoning restrictions that might hinder such endeavors. Zoning laws are established to promote orderly development and protect public welfare, but there may be cases where strict adherence to these laws could result in undue hardship for property owners. A variance offers a solution in such scenarios, ensuring that property rights are respected while maintaining minimum standards for the community.

The other options do not accurately represent the definition of variance. A decrease in property value is not related to the permissions granted through variance; rather, it reflects market conditions. A review of property tax assessments pertains to evaluating property taxes rather than zoning usage. A setback requirement deals specifically with the physical positioning of buildings relative to property lines and does not encompass the broader permission involved in obtaining a variance.