Which term refers to a physical or mental impairment that limits major life activities?

The term that refers to a physical or mental impairment that limits major life activities is "disability." In the context of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and similar legislation, disability is specifically defined as a condition that substantially limits one or more major life activities, such as walking, communicating, or learning. This definition is crucial because it recognizes the challenges faced by individuals with such impairments and ensures they are afforded protections and accommodations in various aspects of life, including employment, education, and access to public facilities.

"Handicap," while often used synonymously with disability in casual language, has historically referred to external barriers or societal limitations that individuals face due to their disabilities. "Impairment" describes the condition itself rather than its impact on life activities. "Restriction" is a broader term that does not necessarily imply the context of physical or mental limitations related to major life activities. Thus, "disability" is the most accurate term in legal and social contexts.