Which term refers to a restriction on the use of property in a zoning ordinance?

The term that refers to a restriction on the use of property in a zoning ordinance is "variance." A variance is a legal exception that allows a property owner to deviate from the set zoning restrictions. It is granted by the zoning board or local governing body when strict application of the zoning law would create undue hardship for the property owner. For instance, if a property's zoning ordinance requires a minimum side yard width that a property cannot meet due to unusual lot dimensions, the owner can apply for a variance to obtain relief from that requirement.

The other terms listed have different meanings and functions within zoning and property use contexts. A special assessment typically refers to a charge levied on properties to fund public improvements that benefit those properties. Conditional use involves a type of zoning that permits a property to be used in a way that is not otherwise allowed in that zoning category, provided specific conditions are met. Special use is similar to conditional use but usually pertains to uses that may require special permissions in certain situations, often subject to additional criteria or regulations. Each of these terms is pertinent to zoning and land use, but "variance" specifically indicates a restriction's alteration within zoning ordinances.